🔄 Practicals Basics Programs - Imperative Logic 5

Write an executable program which has a routine that receives an internal table and prints how many fields are blank by line (the type of table must have at least 4 fields).

Output must be generated as:
Line [line number] => [number of blank fields] + " blank fields"
Total: [total number of blank fields]

Solution:

REPORT z_abap101_062. 
"---------------------------
" 1. Define Types
"---------------------------
TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_line,
         id            TYPE c LENGTH 10,
         name          TYPE string,
         value         TYPE i,
         creation_date TYPE d,
       END OF ty_line.
TYPES: ty_table TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_line.

 

"---------------------------
" 2. Routine: Count Blank Fields
"---------------------------
FORM count_initial_fields_of_line USING us_table TYPE ty_table.
  DATA lwa_line TYPE ty_line.
  DATA lv_initial_field_total TYPE i.
  DATA lv_initial_field TYPE i.
  LOOP AT us_table INTO lwa_line.
    CLEAR lv_initial_field.
    " Check each field for blank/initial values
    IF lwa_line-id IS INITIAL.
      lv_initial_field = lv_initial_field + 1.
    ENDIF.
    IF lwa_line-name IS INITIAL.
      lv_initial_field = lv_initial_field + 1.
    ENDIF.
    IF lwa_line-value IS INITIAL.
      lv_initial_field = lv_initial_field + 1.
    ENDIF.
    IF lwa_line-creation_date IS INITIAL.
      lv_initial_field = lv_initial_field + 1.
    ENDIF.
    " Print per line result
    WRITE: / 'Line', sy-tabix, '=>', lv_initial_field, 'blank fields'.
    " Add to total
    lv_initial_field_total = lv_initial_field_total + lv_initial_field.
  ENDLOOP.
  " Print total count
  WRITE: / 'Total:', lv_initial_field_total.
  WRITE: / sy-uline.
ENDFORM. " count_initial_fields_of_line

 

"---------------------------
" 3. Start-of-Selection
"---------------------------
START-OF-SELECTION.
  DATA itab TYPE ty_table.
  DATA wa   TYPE ty_line.
  " Line 1: All fields filled
  wa-id = '1'.
  wa-name = 'John'.
  wa-value = 50.
  wa-creation_date = '20140727'.
  APPEND wa TO itab.
  CLEAR wa.
  PERFORM count_initial_fields_of_line USING itab.
  " Line 2: Missing creation_date
  wa-id = '2'.
  wa-name = 'Mary'.
  wa-value = 20.
  APPEND wa TO itab.
  CLEAR wa.
  PERFORM count_initial_fields_of_line USING itab.
  " Line 3: Missing value & creation_date
  wa-id = '3'.
  wa-name = 'Max'.
  APPEND wa TO itab.
  CLEAR wa.
  PERFORM count_initial_fields_of_line USING itab.
  " Line 4: Only id filled
  wa-id = '4'.
  APPEND wa TO itab.
  CLEAR wa.
  PERFORM count_initial_fields_of_line USING itab.

Output:

🔄 Practicals Basics Programs - Imperative Logic 4

Write an executable program which has a routine that receives an internal table and print how many fields are filled with their default value (the line type of the table must have at least 4 fields).

Hint: each primitive type has a default value. For example, 0 (zero) is the default value of integers whereas space ( ' ' ) is the default value of characters.

Solution:

REPORT z_abap101_061.

TYPES:

BEGIN OF ty_line,

id TYPE c LENGTH 10,

name TYPE string,

value TYPE i,

creation_date TYPE d,

END OF ty_line.

TYPES: ty_table TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_line.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form count_initial_fields_of_table

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

* Counts how many fields are filled with their default value

*----------------------------------------------------------------------*

* -->US_TABLE internal table

*----------------------------------------------------------------------*

FORM count_initial_fields_of_table USING us_table TYPE ty_table.

DATA lwa_line TYPE ty_line.

DATA lv_initial_field_total TYPE i.

LOOP AT us_table INTO lwa_line.

IF lwa_line-id IS INITIAL.

lv_initial_field_total = lv_initial_field_total + 1.

ENDIF.

IF lwa_line-name IS INITIAL.

lv_initial_field_total = lv_initial_field_total + 1.

ENDIF.

IF lwa_line-value IS INITIAL.

lv_initial_field_total = lv_initial_field_total + 1.

ENDIF.

IF lwa_line-creation_date IS INITIAL.

lv_initial_field_total = lv_initial_field_total + 1.

ENDIF.

ENDLOOP.

WRITE: 'Number of initial values: ', lv_initial_field_total.

NEW-LINE.

ENDFORM. "count_initial_fields_of_table

START-OF-SELECTION.

DATA itab TYPE ty_table.

DATA wa TYPE ty_line.

wa-id = '1'.

wa-name = 'John'.

wa-value = 50.

wa-creation_date = '20140727'.

APPEND wa TO itab.

CLEAR wa.

PERFORM count_initial_fields_of_table USING itab.

wa-id = '2'.

wa-name = 'Mary'.

wa-value = 20.

* wa-creation_date = ?.

APPEND wa TO itab.

CLEAR wa.

PERFORM count_initial_fields_of_table USING itab.

wa-id = '3'.

wa-name = 'Max'.

* wa-value = ?.

* wa-creation_date = ?.

APPEND wa TO itab.

CLEAR wa.

PERFORM count_initial_fields_of_table USING itab.

wa-id = '4'.

* wa-name = ?.

* wa-value = ?.

* wa-creation_date = ?.

APPEND wa TO itab.

CLEAR wa.

PERFORM count_initial_fields_of_table USING itab.


Output:

test
______________________________________

Number of initial values:           0

Number of initial values:           1

Number of initial values:           3

Number of initial values:           6

📄 How to Download ABAP Code as a PDF File in SAP

 Sometimes, when working in the SAP ABAP Editor (SE38), you may want to save or share your ABAP code in a clean PDF format instead of copying it manually into text or Word files. SAP provides a convenient way to export ABAP code directly as a PDF, and you can even assign it to a custom shortcut key for quick use.

📝 Step-by-Step Guide

1️⃣ Open Your ABAP Program in SE38

• Go to transaction SE38

• Open the program you want to export as PDF

• Example: ZTESTING

2️⃣ Open Keyboard Shortcut Settings

• Click on the Utilities menu

• Select Settings

• Navigate to the Keyboard tab

• In the Commands input field, type: File

  • This will filter all file-related commands

3️⃣ Assign a Shortcut for PDF Export

• Locate the command: File.ExportPDF

• Select it

• In the shortcut key field, assign a key combination (e.g., Shift + F)

• Click Assign and then Save your settings

4️⃣ Export Your ABAP Code

• Return to the ABAP program editor screen

• Press your assigned shortcut key (e.g., Shift + F)

• A File Save dialog will appear

• Choose a destination folder, enter the PDF file name, and click Save

📌 What Happens Next?

• SAP exports your ABAP source code into a PDF file

• The PDF includes:

  • Program header

  • Source code

  • Write statements

• You can open this file in any PDF viewer, share it, or archive it as needed

✅ Benefits of Exporting ABAP Code as PDF

• 📌 Preserves formatting and indentation

• 📌 Easy to share with colleagues or attach to documentation

• 📌 Avoids formatting issues from copy-paste

• 📌 Provides a professional archive of your code snapshots

🏁 Summary

Exporting ABAP code to PDF directly from the ABAP Editor is simple and efficient once you assign a shortcut key. This feature:

• Saves time

• Keeps formatting intact

• Improves documentation and sharing practices

🚀 Pro Tip: Use this feature to maintain a neat archive of your custom programs for audits, knowledge sharing, or training.

Happy Coding! 🎉

🔄 How to Change a Released Transport Request (TR) into Unreleased (Modifiable) in SAP

Changing a released Transport Request (TR) back into an unreleased, modifiable state is not possible through standard SAP transactions like SE01, SE09, or STMS. However, you can achieve this using a standard SAP report and a few manual steps.

📝 Step-by-Step Procedure

1️⃣ Run Report RDDIT076 in SE38

• Go to transaction SE38

• Enter program name: RDDIT076

• Execute (F8)

2️⃣ Enter the Released Transport Request Number

• Provide the released TR number (e.g., DEVK902733)

• Execute

You will see an overview of the transport request and its tasks, for example:

Request/Task	Type	Status	Target System	Date/Time
DEVK902733	K	R	SYST	03.09.2014 17:15
DEVK902734	S	R	SYST	03.09.2014 17:15

Here, R indicates the request/task is Released.

3️⃣ Change Task Status from Released (R) ➝ Modifiable (D)

• Double-click the task number (e.g., DEVK902734)

• Click the pencil icon to enter edit mode

• Use F4 help on the Status field

• Change status from R (Released) to D (Modifiable)

• Save

Result: The task now shows as D (Modifiable).

Request/Task	Type	Status	Target System	Date/Time
DEVK902734	S	D	SYST	03.09.2014 17:28

4️⃣ Repeat for the Transport Request

• Double-click the main TR (e.g., DEVK902733)

• Switch to edit mode

• Change status from R ➝ D

• Save

Now both the Transport Request and its tasks are modifiable.

5️⃣ Verify in SE01 / SE09

• Go to SE01 or SE09

• Enter your TR number

• Confirm the TR is now in modifiable state, allowing changes

⚠️ Important Notes

• After modifying objects, you must release the task and the TR again.

• While re-releasing, you might encounter the error:

Request <Request ID> has the invalid attribute EXPTIMESTAMP

🛠 Fixing the EXPTIMESTAMP Error

1. Open the TR in SE01

2. Go to the Properties tab

3. Enter Edit mode

4. Locate the attribute EXPORT_TIMESTAMP

5. Delete this row

6. Save changes

After this fix, you can release the TR successfully. The corresponding datafile and cofile will be updated at the OS level with the latest changes.

✅ Summary

Although SAP does not provide a standard option to revert a released TR into modifiable status, the workaround using RDDIT076 allows you to:

• 🔹 Switch TR and task status from Released (R) ➝ Modifiable (D)

• 🔹 Make additional changes to objects under the TR

• 🔹 Resolve the EXPORT_TIMESTAMP error before re-releasing

⚠️ Caution: Always use this method carefully and in line with your organization’s transport management policies to maintain system consistency.

🔷Essential SAP ABAP Transaction Codes (T-Codes) for Developers and Consultants

SAP ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is the core programming language for developing business applications on the SAP platform. To work efficiently, developers and consultants rely heavily on Transaction Codes (T-Codes), which provide direct access to various functions in SAP.

Below is a comprehensive categorized list of the most important ABAP-related T-Codes every SAP professional should know.

🔹 ABAP Development & Workbench

These T-Codes are used for creating, editing, and managing ABAP programs and development objects:

• SE38 – ABAP Editor (Create & Edit Programs)

• SE80 – Object Navigator (Integrated Development Environment)

• SE37 – Function Builder (Manage Function Modules)

• SE11 – Data Dictionary (DDIC)

• SE41 – Menu Painter (Design Menus)

• SE51 – Screen Painter (Design Screens)

• SE24 – Class Builder (Object-Oriented ABAP)

• SE93 – Maintain Transaction Codes

• SE78 – SAP Script Graphics Management (Manage Graphic Elements)

🔹 Data Dictionary (DDIC) Related

These T-Codes are critical for database-related development and administration:

• SE11 – ABAP Dictionary

• SE14 – Database Utility (Manage Table Activations, Adjustments)

• SE54 – Table Maintenance Generator (Create Table Interfaces)

• SE16 / SE16N – Data Browser (View Data in Tables)

• SM30 – Table/View Maintenance (Maintain Table Entries)

🔹 Debugging & Analysis

Useful for error handling, performance analysis, and monitoring system behavior:

• SE30 – Runtime Analysis (Performance Measurement)

• SAT – New Runtime Analysis Tool

• ST05 – SQL Trace (Analyze Database Queries)

• ST22 – Dump Analysis (Analyze ABAP Runtime Errors)

• SM37 – Job Monitoring (Background Jobs)

• SM50 – Work Process Overview (Monitor Work Processes)

• SM66 – Global Work Process Overview (System-Wide Process Monitoring)

🔹 Performance Optimization

T-Codes for tuning and improving SAP performance:

• SST05 – SQL Performance Trace

• SE11 – Manage Database Indexes

• DB02 – Database Performance Monitoring

• E30 – Performance Trace

🔹 Transport & Change Management

Manage change requests and system transports:

• SE09 – Workbench Transport Organizer

• SE10 – Customizing Transport Organizer

• SE01 – Transport Organizer (Combined)

• STMS – Transport Management System (Central Transport Tool)

🔹 Batch Jobs & Background Processing

T-Codes to define and monitor automated jobs:

• SM36 – Define Background Job

• SM37 – Monitor Background Jobs

• SM50 / SM66 – Process and Work Process Overviews

🔹 Smart Forms & SAP Scripts

Used for designing SAP print layouts and forms:

• SMARTFORMS – Smart Forms Designer

• SE71 – SAP Script Layout Maintenance

• SE72 – SAP Script Styles

• SE73 – SAP Script Fonts

🔹 RFC & IDocs (ALE/EDI)

Essential for integration and data exchange between SAP and external systems:

• BD87 – Process IDocs

• WE02 – Display IDoc

• WE05 – IDoc List Report

• WE19 – IDoc Test Tool

• WE20 – Partner Profile Setup

🔹 ALV (ABAP List Viewer) & Reporting

Used for working with ALV grids and reporting:

• SALV_BS_ADMIN_MAINTAIN – Maintain ALV Grid Display Settings

• SALV_BS_ADMIN_TEST – Test ALV Grid

🔹 Web Dynpro & SAP UI Technologies

T-Codes for modern SAP UI and Web Dynpro development:

• SE80 – Web Dynpro Development Environment

• SE77 – SAP Smart Styles (UI Styling)

• SICF – Maintain HTTP Services (Activate Web Services)

🔹 Object-Oriented (OO) ABAP

For Object-Oriented programming and business object development:

• SE24 – Class Builder

• SE80 – Object Navigator

• SWO1 – Business Object Builder

How to Convert SAP Smartform Output to PDF Format

In today's business environment, PDF has become the most widely accepted format for document sharing and archiving. When working with SAP Smartforms, customers frequently request the output in PDF format for better compatibility and professional presentation. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the step-by-step process of converting your Smartform output into PDF format.

Overview of the Conversion Process

The conversion from Smartform to PDF involves several key steps:

1. Calling the Smartform function module
2. Obtaining the OTF (Output Text Format) data
3. Converting OTF to PDF format
4. Selecting the file location
5. Downloading the PDF file
6. Opening the generated PDF

Step-by-Step Implementation Guide

Step 1: Call the Smartform Function Module

First, you need to call your Smartform's function module in your ABAP program. Use the SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME function to get the generated function module name for your Smartform.

Step 2: Configure Control Parameters for OTF Output

Set the GET_OTF parameter to 'X' in the control parameters structure (SSFCTRLOP). This ensures that the Smartform generates OTF data instead of direct output.

Step 3: Extract OTF Data

The OTF data will be available through the JOB_OUTPUT_INFO parameter in the importing section of the Smartform function module call.

Step 4: Convert OTF to PDF

Use the CONVERT_OTF_2_PDF function module to convert the OTF data into PDF format. This function takes the OTF data and returns the PDF content in binary format.

Step 5: Select File Location

You have two options for selecting where to save the PDF:

• Manual approach: Copy and paste the file path directly
• Interactive approach: Use either:
  • F4_FILENAME function module
  • FILE_OPEN_DIALOG method of CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICES class

Step 6: Download the PDF File

For downloading the PDF file, you can choose between:

• GUI_DOWNLOAD function module
• GUI_DOWNLOAD method of CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICES class

Step 7: Open the Generated PDF

Use the EXECUTE method of CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICES class to automatically open the downloaded PDF file.

Complete Code Example

*&--------------------------------------------------------------
*& Report ZAR_PDF
*&--------------------------------------------------------------
REPORT ZAR_PDF.

PARAMETERS : p_emp_id TYPE ZAR_EMPLOYEE_ID.
DATA : lv_formname TYPE TDSFNAME.

" Get Smartform function module name
CALL FUNCTION 'SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME'
  EXPORTING
    formname = 'ZAR_SMARTFORM_IMAGE'
  IMPORTING
    FM_NAME = lv_formname
  EXCEPTIONS
    NO_FORM = 1
    NO_FUNCTION_MODULE = 2
    OTHERS = 3.

DATA : ls_control TYPE SSFCTRLOP,
       ls_output TYPE SSFCRESCL.

" Set control parameter to get OTF output
ls_control-getotf = 'X'.

" Call the Smartform function module
CALL FUNCTION lv_formname
  EXPORTING
    CONTROL_PARAMETERS = ls_control
    p_emp_id = p_emp_id
  IMPORTING
    JOB_OUTPUT_INFO = ls_output
  EXCEPTIONS
    FORMATTING_ERROR = 1
    INTERNAL_ERROR = 2
    SEND_ERROR = 3
    USER_CANCELED = 4
    OTHERS = 5.

DATA : lt_docs TYPE TABLE OF DOCS,
       lt_lines TYPE TABLE OF TLINE.

" Convert OTF to PDF
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERT_OTF_2_PDF'
  TABLES
    otf = ls_output-otfdata
    doctab_archive = lt_docs
    LINES = lt_lines
  EXCEPTIONS
    ERR_CONV_NOT_POSSIBLE = 1
    ERR_OTF_MC_NOENDMARKER = 2
    OTHERS = 3.

DATA : lt_file TYPE TABLE OF FILE_TABLE,
       lo_rc TYPE i.

" Open file dialog for location selection
CALL METHOD cl_gui_frontend_services=>file_open_dialog
  CHANGING
    file_table = lt_file
    rc = lo_rc
  EXCEPTIONS
    file_open_dialog_failed = 1
    cntl_error = 2
    error_no_gui = 3
    not_supported_by_gui = 4
    others = 5.

DATA : lo_file TYPE string.
READ TABLE lt_file INTO DATA(ls_file) INDEX 1.
IF sy-subrc EQ 0.
  lo_file = ls_file-filename.
ENDIF.

" Download the PDF file
CALL METHOD cl_gui_frontend_services=>gui_download
  EXPORTING
    filename = lo_file
    filetype = 'BIN'
  CHANGING
    data_tab = lt_lines
  EXCEPTIONS
    file_write_error = 1
    no_batch = 2
    gui_refuse_filetransfer = 3
    invalid_type = 4
    no_authority = 5
    unknown_error = 6
    others = 24.

" Open the generated PDF file
CALL METHOD cl_gui_frontend_services=>execute
  EXPORTING
    document = lo_file
    operation = 'OPEN'
  EXCEPTIONS
    cntl_error = 1
    error_no_gui = 2
    bad_parameter = 3
    file_not_found = 4
    path_not_found = 5
    file_extension_unknown = 6
    error_execute_failed = 7
    synchronous_failed = 8
    not_supported_by_gui = 9
    others = 10.

Key Technical Points

Important Function Modules and Classes

• SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME: Retrieves the generated function module name for your Smartform
• CONVERT_OTF_2_PDF: Core function for OTF to PDF conversion
• CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICES: Comprehensive class for frontend services including file operations

Critical Parameters

• GET_OTF = 'X': Essential control parameter to generate OTF output
• JOB_OUTPUT_INFO: Contains the OTF data from Smartform execution
• FILETYPE = 'BIN': Specifies binary file type for PDF download

Best Practices and Tips

1. Error Handling: Always implement proper exception handling for each function module call
2. File Type: Ensure you set the file type to 'BIN' when downloading PDF files
3. User Experience: Use the file open dialog to provide users with an intuitive way to select save locations
4. Testing: Test the complete flow with different Smartform layouts to ensure compatibility

Common Troubleshooting

• Empty PDF: Verify that GET_OTF is set to 'X' in control parameters
• Conversion Errors: Check if the OTF data is properly populated before conversion
• File Access Issues: Ensure proper authorization for file operations on the frontend

Conclusion

Converting SAP Smartform output to PDF format is a straightforward process when you follow the systematic approach outlined above. This method provides flexibility in file location selection and ensures professional PDF output that meets modern business requirements. The combination of OTF extraction and PDF conversion creates a robust solution for document generation in SAP environments.

By implementing this solution, you can efficiently handle customer requirements for PDF output while maintaining the full formatting and layout capabilities of your Smartforms.

🔷How to Create Custom Search Help in SAP ABAP

 Search Help, commonly known as F4 help, is a crucial feature in SAP ABAP that displays possible values for input fields, enhancing user experience and data consistency. This comprehensive guide will walk you through creating your own elementary search help and implementing it in your SAP applications.

🧩What is Search Help?

Search Help is SAP's built-in functionality that provides users with a list of possible values for input fields. It's triggered by pressing F4 or clicking the dropdown arrow in input fields, making data entry more efficient and reducing errors.

Types of Search Help

• Elementary Search Help: A single search help that retrieves data from one source
• Collective Search Help: Multiple elementary search helps combined together

Creating Elementary Search Help

Let's create a custom search help for order numbers step by step.

Step 1: Access SE11 Transaction

1. Go to SE11 (ABAP Dictionary)
2. Select the Search Help radio button
3. Enter your search help name (e.g., ZHORDERNO_25)
4. Click Create
5. Choose Elementary Search Help

Step 2: Configure Basic Settings

1. Description: Provide a meaningful description for your search help
2. Selection Method: Specify the table or view name from which data will be fetched
   • Example: ZORDH_25 (your internal table name)
3. Dialog Type: Choose appropriate dialog behavior
   • Display values immediately: Shows values right away
   • Dialog with values restriction: Shows restriction dialog before displaying values
   • Dialog depends upon set of values: Automatically switches based on record count

Step 3: Define Search Help Parameters

Configure the fields that will be available in your search help:

1. Click on the Parameters tab
2. Add fields from your selection method table
3. Set properties for each parameter:
   • LPOS (List Position): Order of fields when values are displayed
   • SPOS (Screen Position): Order of fields in the restriction dialog
   • Import/Export: Controls data flow between search help and calling program

Step 4: Set Default Values and Restrictions

1. Default Values: Provide default values for specific fields
   • Example: Set payment mode default to 'C'
   • Uncheck "Importing" for fields with default values
2. SDI (Search Help Data Import): Make specific fields read-only if needed

Step 5: Save and Activate

1. Save: Ctrl + S
2. Check: Ctrl + F2
3. Activate: Ctrl + F3

Assigning Search Help to Table Fields

Once your search help is created, you need to assign it to table fields:

Method 1: Direct Assignment to Table

1. Go to SE11 and open your table
2. Switch to Change mode
3. Position cursor on the desired field (e.g., order number column)
4. Click the Search Help button
5. Enter your search help name (ZHORDERNO_25)
6. Save and activate the table

Method 2: Assignment through Data Element

You can also modify the data element associated with the field to include the search help, making it available wherever that data element is used.

Assigning Search Help to Programs

To use search help in ABAP programs, use the MATCHCODE OBJECT addition:

REPORT ZPRG_ASSIGN_SEARCH_HELP.
PARAMETERS : P_ONO TYPE ZDEONO_25 MATCHCODE OBJECT ZHORDERNO_25.

This code creates a parameter with F4 help functionality using your custom search help.

Dialog Type Options Explained

Understanding dialog types helps you choose the right user experience:

Display Values Immediately

• Values appear instantly when F4 is pressed
• Best for small datasets
• No additional restriction options

Dialog with Values Restriction

• Shows a restriction dialog before displaying values
• Users can filter results before viewing
• Suitable for large datasets
• Provides better performance

Dialog Depends Upon Set of Values

• Automatically chooses behavior based on data volume
• If records < 100: Acts like "Display values immediately"
• If records > 100: Acts like "Dialog with values restriction"
• Provides optimal user experience automatically

Best Practices

1. Naming Convention: Use meaningful names with your namespace prefix
2. Performance: Consider using views or restricting data for large tables
3. User Experience: Choose appropriate dialog types based on data volume
4. Documentation: Always provide clear descriptions for maintainability
5. Testing: Thoroughly test search help in different scenarios

Troubleshooting Tips

• No values displayed: Check if the selection method table contains data
• Wrong field order: Verify LPOS and SPOS settings
• Performance issues: Consider adding restrictions or using views
• Authorization issues: Ensure users have proper access to underlying tables